The ancients is written in Arabic numerals
August 01 2011
Found in archaeological strange writing Arabic numerals
Ni side six authors
These days, even the editorial task fooled, do not answer the phone, find a place to look, "Archaeology" magazine, to use their own data to compile a directory. Hot God, I almost drove a naked fan, two computers, I will write books in search of information. From this, I found a lot of interesting archaeological discoveries, find a point up here, chat with readers.
1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-0, the 10 Arabic characters, modern and ultimately, almost every day to deal with them, too familiar. But we may not know, in ancient Chinese novels, past and present of the 10 digits and the same wording, even completely different, and today looked like a bible, is not specified, would not that be Arabic numerals.
After 1949, there is at least twice in the archaeological find proved this point.
Arabic numerals, in fact, not invented by Arabs, but Indians invented, should be called "Indian figures"; but because the Arabs that the Europeans to learn from the past, it is called "Arabic numerals", modern financial sector structure of the global movement of Arabic writing is an improved version of the Europeans.
Arabic numerals were introduced to China as early as when? There is no conclusive evidence. But known, there have been two: the first time in the early eighth century AD, the Tang Dynasty, was introduced to China, soon lost; the second time in about 13 to 14 century Yuan Dynasty. But the ancient Chinese are not interested in these figures, still feel a nice cross two horizontal and three horizontal, refused to use these "foreign code", to promote the use of real formal, just a hundred years ago.
New China, the earliest archaeological Arabic numerals, that is, during the Yuan Dynasty. 1956 winter, found in the northeast corner of Xi'an WO ear stack Yuan West Palace site, the spring of 1957, China Social Sciences Institute of Archaeology conducted a survey on this site. Pedestal in the rammed earth is basically the same found in five of the square plate (see below), wide, and standing 14.2 cm, thickness 1.5 cm, of which four lines on the two side stones iron (Shihan) into. This five iron above, then cast with Arabic numerals, the ancient history of mathematics expert Li Yan, who had carried out detailed research on this, that this is the ancients called "Arab magic square", the above is the Arabic numerals. Soon, Lee wrote a "digital word reached China in Arab history" thesis, published in October 1957, the number of "Mathematics Bulletin" on.
Chart: 1956 Xi'an discovered "Arab magic square", the above figures into modern is this -
Magic square, also called aspect graph, which is characterized by n2 numbers will be arranged in a square for the n, the longitudinal, transverse and diagonal slash on the sum of the number are equal, the six vertical and six latitudes magic Fang, also known as "66 map."
Arabic numerals found in Xi'an is written by the Yuan Dynasty, ten years later, they found the Ming described by Arabic numerals. Location found, even in the 10 Arabic numerals by eating, affect the global international financial center - Shanghai Lujiazui. This finding can not say no meaning, where the most use of Arabic numerals, even found ancient Arabic numerals, is not there a hint somewhere, or coincidence? The discovery occurred in 1969, "decade of civil strife" period, but until 1985, the official archaeological report to appear. In that year, "Archaeology," No. 6 on the (Total 213), the book authored by the Wang, the "Shanghai Museum" on behalf of the "Shanghai Pudong Lu Ming Tomb account." Now why the name of the Lujiazui? Is due in mid-Ming, here was the courtiers, "the word minister" land of deep family residence, land deep and his family cemeteries are nearby.
Lu's tomb is not the normal deep archaeological excavations, but the need was to engage in civil air defense projects, without the approval of the cultural relics department, one night of the local dug without permission. May be due to very particular about the construction of the tomb, sealed coffin firm, including a coffin within the body still did not rot, and just buried, as is indeed wonders. Shanghai Museum, heard, and quickly sent his staff to clean up, and found written in Arabic numerals Ming.
The figure is a magic square, from the Yuan and Ming dynasties of writing point of view, was written in Arabic numbers do not vary greatly, but the wording of the modern big difference, and some completely different. Broken down as follows:
"1" is written, And modern, are pricked;
"2" is written, And the modern God-like place, but just a point of turning over, so -; In the 10th century and modern writing even when they close, so -
"3" is written, And modern big difference, and "2" is also exactly the same turning angle, so -; In the 10th century and modern writing even when they close, so -。
"4" is written, Is completely different and modern, can not find the same point, so - ; In the near future when China has just passed so -。
"5" is written, Is completely different and modern, can not find the same point, but not like the Yuan and Ming dynasties, like. Ming is the case - ; Yuan is the case -。
"6" is written,Completely different and modern, can not find the same point, like the modern feel of the letters written in y, so -。
"7" is written, Is completely different and modern, can not find the same point, so -。
"8" is written,Completely with the modern machine, can not find the same point, but it "7" has a very strong correlation, the opposite direction, so -; In the tenth century earlier, even a little bit like the modern "7", so - 。
"9" is written,And modern, as ancient and modern, not very different; 1 and 9 in the past and does not change much.
"0" is written, And the difference is not modern, but the smaller the circle, a bit like a full stop, so -; And introduced to China in the tenth century when 0 is written that is so -. Tang Gautama learned "by the New Century account" in the ancient records of India "after implementation of Tianzhu nine", the "0" is written is such a word, instead of circles.
To help the reader a more intuitive understanding, I will be found in Chinese archaeological element (row of), Ming (next row) compared Arbour digital writing -
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0